Key threats to the region:
Arab leaders express concerns that the new agreement will not limit the production of ballistic missiles and support for proxy groups such as Hezbollah and Hamas. This could leave Gulf countries unprotected in the face of threats.
Instability in the Persian Gulf continues to put pressure on global markets. On March 27, 2026, the Russian government imposed an embargo on gasoline exports, a consequence of the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which caused Brent crude oil prices to exceed $100 per barrel.
On February 28, an attack by Israel and the U.S. on Iran began, which included numerous air and missile strikes on cities and military facilities. U.S. President Donald Trump characterized this military operation as "Epic Fury." In response, Iran began attacking Israel and U.S. military bases located in several Middle Eastern countries. Additionally, Tehran blocked the Strait of Hormuz, through which 20% of the world's oil supplies pass.
As a result of the conflicts in Iran, high-ranking officials and military personnel have been killed, including the country's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. His post was taken by his son Mojtaba Khamenei, who assumed office after his death.
