Despite the availability of many prevention methods, the rate of decline in child mortality is slowing down
According to data presented by the United Nations, in 2024, 4.9 million children did not live to see their fifth birthday. Of this number, 2.3 million are newborns. The main point is that many of these cases could have been avoided with the use of available and proven measures.
These data are presented in a report titled "Levels and Trends in Child Mortality," prepared by the UN. The study shows that since 2000, mortality among children under five has more than halved; however, since 2015, progress has slowed by more than 60 percent.
One of the main reasons remains malnutrition. Over 100,000 children aged one month to five years have died from severe acute malnutrition. The highest rates have been recorded in Pakistan, Somalia, and Sudan. Experts note that the real figures may be even higher, as malnutrition weakens the immune system and increases the risk of other diseases.
Catherine Russell, Executive Director of UNICEF, emphasized: "No child should die from preventable diseases. However, we are witnessing a troubling slowdown in progress." She noted the worsening situation against the backdrop of declining global funding.
The difference in mortality rates is also noticeable between regions. In 2024, 58% of all deaths of children under five occurred in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, and another 25% in South Asia. Children living in conflict zones are particularly vulnerable: they are almost three times more likely to not survive to their fifth birthday.
Overall, in 2024, there were 2.1 million deaths among people aged 5 to 24. The causes of death change with age: for young children, it is mainly diseases, while among teenagers, the share of injuries and mental illnesses increases. The leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 becomes suicide, while for boys, it is road traffic accidents.
The UN warns that the decline in international aid jeopardizes programs for maternal and child health.
Li Junhua, UN Under-Secretary-General, characterized the current situation as a "harsh reminder" that many countries are falling behind in achieving sustainable development goals.
Experts are confident that the solutions to the problem are known. Vaccination, nutrition programs, and skilled assistance during childbirth can save millions of lives. However, achieving these goals requires sustainable investments and political will so that no child is left without help.
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