It is reported that the code includes three sections, ten chapters, and 119 articles, and, according to human rights defenders, it contradicts international human rights standards and principles of fair trial. It lacks guarantees for the right to an attorney, the right to remain silent, and compensation for damages, and does not specify minimum and maximum sentences. Confessions and witness testimonies are considered primary evidence of guilt, which, according to human rights defenders, increases the risk of torture.
Rawadari also emphasizes that the code enshrines discrimination against religious minorities. In particular, only followers of the Hanafi school are recognized as Muslims, while representatives of other sects and religions are left without legal protection. Some articles, according to human rights defenders, could lead to criminal prosecution and even the killing of those who defend "false beliefs" or criticize religious norms.
Furthermore, the new code introduces a class division: penalties for the same crimes vary depending on the social status of the accused—"recommendations" are provided for religious scholars, while "lower-class" individuals may face imprisonment and corporal punishment. The document also contains the term "slave," which, according to human rights defenders, violates the international ban on slavery.
Rawadari points out that the code criminalizes dissent and criticism of the Taliban. It establishes liability for criticizing the decisions of the movement's leader, "insulting the leaders of the Taliban," and refusing to inform on regime opponents. Some provisions effectively encourage vigilantism, allowing individuals to punish "sinners."
Significant attention in the report is given to violence against women and children. According to Rawadari, the code permits a wide range of physical violence, minimally limiting accountability for beating wives and children, and introduces criminal penalties for women leaving home without their husband's permission.
Against this backdrop, human rights defenders remind that in July 2025, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for the leaders of the "Taliban."
