The document was adopted in June 2023 and has already been signed by 145 countries, of which 81 have completed the ratification process.
The Agreement, which builds on the principles of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, significantly strengthens the legal framework for the protection of two-thirds of the world's oceans. It also creates the necessary conditions for international cooperation and joint exploration of ocean resources.
The effective implementation of this agreement will have a significant impact on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals related to the ocean and the global framework for biodiversity adopted in Kunming and Montreal.
According to reports, "millions of tons of plastic waste and toxic chemicals threaten coastal ecosystems, harming fish, sea turtles, birds, and mammals. Hazardous particles are entering the human food chain. In 2021, over 17 million tons of plastic were dumped into the ocean, accounting for 85% of the total marine debris. Projections indicate that this figure could double or triple each year. If nothing is done, by 2050 the amount of plastic in the oceans will exceed the amount of fish," the report states.
The document places responsibility on those who pollute the ocean and introduces mechanisms for resolving potential conflicts. According to its provisions, all parties planning activities in waters beyond their jurisdiction are required to assess the potential impact of their actions on the environment.
Research shows that nearly 200,000 species of marine organisms have been identified to date, but the actual number may be significantly higher.
