- Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare neoplasms that arise in the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and are formed from interstitial cells of Cajal.
Seventy-five individuals participated in the study, with an average age of 57.4 ± 12.3 years (ranging from 28 to 81 years). Among them, 44% were women (n=33), and 56% were men (n=42). In terms of tumor localization: 46 cases (61.3%) were found in the stomach, 21 cases (28%) in the small intestine, 5 cases (6.7%) in the large intestine, and 3 cases (4%) in the retroperitoneal area.
The results of the immunohistochemical analysis showed that the majority of patients had combined expression of key proteins CD117 and DOG1, which are used to confirm the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. CD117 (c-KIT) is a receptor protein most commonly found on the surface of GIST cells, allowing for tumor identification. DOG1 is a protein whose expression is also observed in most GISTs, especially in cases where CD117 is weakly expressed.
Positive expression of CD117 was found in 94.7% of study participants, DOG1 in 90.7%, and CD34 in 69.3%. SMA and S-100 showed positive results in 35% and 8% of cases, respectively. The Ki-67 index ranged from 1% to 30%, indicating varying degrees of tumor aggressiveness.
A comparative analysis with international data showed a high degree of conformity: positive expression of CD117 in global studies is observed in 85-95% of cases. Detailed characteristics of immunohistochemical markers are presented in the study tables.
The authors of the study emphasize that immunohistochemical examination is an important step in the diagnosis and prognosis of GIST. The use of standard markers and Ki-67 analysis allows for the assessment of the biological characteristics of tumors and optimizes the approach to patient treatment, especially in conditions of limited access to molecular methods in Kyrgyzstan.
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